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standard

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Standard

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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    From Middle English standard, from Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Frankish *standahard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”), equivalent to stand +‎ -ard. An alternative etymology derives the second element from Frankish *oʀd (“point, spot, place”) (compare Old French ordĂ© (“pointed”), Old English ord (“point, source, vanguard”), German Standort (“location, place, site, position, base”, literally “standing-point”)). Merged with Middle English standar, stander, standere (“flag, banner”, literally “stander”), equivalent to stand +‎ -er. More at stand, hard, ord.

    As a hill-naming term possibly a calque from Cumbric; equivalent to Welsh lluman (“standard”), arising with confusion with the hill-naming element llumon (“chimney”).[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    standard (comparative more standard, superlative most standard)

    1. Falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.
      Synonyms: customary, ordinary, typical; see also Thesaurus:normal, Thesaurus:standard
    2. (of a tree or shrub) Growing alone as a free-standing plant; not trained on a post etc.
    3. Having recognized excellence or authority.
      standard works in history; standard authors
    4. Of a usable or serviceable grade or quality.
    5. (not comparable, of a motor vehicle) Having a manual transmission.
      Antonym: automatic
    6. As normally supplied (not optional or modified by any extra requests).
      Synonyms: normal, basic, ordinary
      Antonyms: deluxe, modified
      This is the standard model, but we offer a variety of customization options.
      • 2024, NTSB, Highway Investigation Report, HIR-24-05:
        Although marketed by Daimler as standard equipment, Triton requested that Daimler deliver the 2022 truck-tractor without collision avoidance technology. As a result, Triton received a cost discount on its truck order, which included this truck. Triton told the NTSB that the owner and several of the drivers had field-tested an earlier version of the equipment, and they did not like its performance.
      • 2024, NTSB, Highway Investigation Report, HIR-24-05:
        A study funded by the FMCSA found that although several heavy-vehicle manufacturers have voluntarily made AEB “standard” on many new truck models, they also offer “deletion credits” to customers who choose to remove AEB, which provides customers financial incentive to forego the technology and which ultimately reduces voluntary adoption rates
    8. (linguistics) Conforming to the standard variety.

    Antonyms

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    Derived terms

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    Translations

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    A mail standard of the 16th century; the transition between the more densely linked upstanding throat/neck part and the less densely linked shoulder section of the collar can be seen.

    Noun

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    standard (plural standards)

    1. A principle or example or measure used for comparison.
      1. A level of quality or attainment.
        Synonym: benchmark
        • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
          The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; [
]. Our table in the dining-room became again the abode of scintillating wit and caustic repartee, Farrar bracing up to his old standard, and the demand for seats in the vicinity rose to an animated competition.
        • 1989 May, Jeff MacInnis, “Braving the Northwest Passage”, in National Geographic, volume 175, number 5, page 594:
          The station consisted of two tents and a 10-by-15-foot wooden laboratory shack—luxurious accommodations by Arctic standards.
      2. Something used as a measure for comparative evaluations; a model.
        Synonym: yardstick
      3. A musical work of established popularity.
        • 1983 December 3, Jolanta Benal, “Spandex, Sousa, Bad Politics”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 20, page 6:
          I was disappointed when the concert ended with a "Tribute to Irving Berlin" that included "God Bless America" and two John Philip Sousa numbers, the "Washington Post" and "Stars and Stripes Forever." [
] I think it's wrong, wrong, wrong for a gay band to play music that celebrates the martial life. There's plenty of other rousing music around, so how about dumping some of those armed forces standards.
      4. A rule or set of rules or requirements which are widely agreed upon or imposed by government.
        • 2024 April 10, Jen Christiensen, “Biden administration sets first national standard to limit ‘forever chemicals’ in drinking water”, in CNN‎[1], Atlanta, Ga.: Warner Bros. Discovery, archived from the original on 18 May 2026:
          The Biden administration finalized the first national standard to limit dangerous “forever chemicals” found in nearly half of the drinking water in the United States.
        • 2024 October 9, Hadas Gold, Liam Reilly and Brian Stelter, “Shari Redstone says CBS leaders made ‘bad mistake’ with handling of Ta-Nehisi Coates interview fallout”, in CNN‎[2], Atlanta, Ga.: Warner Bros. Discovery, archived from the original on 13 January 2026:
          In stark opposition to what CBS editorial leadership told staff on Monday, Redstone said that she did not believe Dokoupil had violated the network’s editorial standards when he grilled Coates over the contents of his new book.
      5. The proportion of weights of fine metal and alloy established for coinage.
        • 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations:
          By the present standard of the coinage, sixty-two shillings is coined out of one pound weight of silver.
      6. (sociolinguistics) standard idiom, a prestigious or standardized language variety; standard language.[2]
      7. A bottle of wine containing 0.750 liters of fluid.
      8. (India) Grade level in primary or secondary education.
        I am in fifth standard.
        • 2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 179:
          I finished my twelfth standard with less than stellar marks.
    2. A vertical pole with something at its apex.
      1. An object supported in an upright position, such as a lamp standard.
      2. The flag or ensign carried by a military unit.
        • 1600, [Torquato Tasso], “(please specify |book=1 to 20)”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. [
], London: [
] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC:
          His armies, in the following day, / On those fair plains their standards proud display.
        • 1909, C. Suetonius Tranquillus, translated by Alexander Thomson, edited by T. Forester, The Lives of the Twelve CĂŠsers, London: George Bell & Sons, page 77:
          In the last battle, however, it is certain that he performed the part not only of a general, but a soldier; for, in the heat of the battle, when the standard-bearer of his legion was severely wounded, he took the eagle upon his shoulders, and carried it a long time.
      3. One of the upright members that supports the horizontal axis of a transit or theodolite.
      4. Any upright support, such as one of the poles of a scaffold.
      5. A sturdy, woody plant whose upright stem is used to graft a less hardy ornamental flowering plant on, rather then actually planting it.
      6. A tree of natural size supported by its own stem, and not dwarfed by grafting on the stock of a smaller species nor trained upon a wall or trellis.
        • 1685, William Temple, Miscellanea. The Second Part. [
], London: [
] T. M. for Ri[chard] and Ra[lph] Simpson, [
], published 1690, →OCLC, page 111:
          In the more temperate parts of France [gardens are] part laid out for Flowers, others for Fruits, Ćżome Standards, Ćżome againĆżt Walls or PaliĆżades, [...]
        • 1907, William Schlich, Schlich's Manual of Forestry, page 415:
          It [Loranthus europaeus] grows chiefly on the branches of standards over coppice.
      7. The sheth of a plough.
    3. (in place names, chiefly Northern England, Scotland) A cairn or tumulus.
      1. A hill with a cairn or tumulus at its summit.
    4. A manual transmission vehicle.
    5. (botany) The upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corolla.
    6. (shipbuilding) An inverted knee timber placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.
    7. A large drinking cup.
    8. (historical) A collar of mail protecting the neck.
      Synonym: pisane
      • 1903, The Archaeological Journal, page 104:
        The scales generally showed on the face of the garment or defence, and we find body armour, gorgets, habergeons, standards or neck defences, and even the camailt of this class of armour.
      • 1992, Matthias Pfaffenbichler, British Museum, Armourers:
        Goldsmiths also made gold and silver mail for the decorations of helmets and gorgets. The will of Duke Philip the Good shows that he owned a mail standard (collar) made of solid gold.
      • 2008, Josephine Wilkinson, Richard III: The Young King to be, Amberley Publishing Limited, →ISBN:
        The throat and upper chest was protected by the gorget plate, mail standard or a metal wrapper. Whichever helm Richard chose to wear, it might have had a keyhole at the top to allowed insignia to be inserted.
      • 2013, George Cameron Stone, A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor: in All Countries and in All Times, Courier Corporation, →ISBN:
        [page 286:] A defense for the neck variously described as a combination of gorget and bevor worn with a salade, and as a standard of mail, or collar, worn under the plate gorget.
        [page 426:] Baron de Cosson says (Helmets and Mail 110): “Thus in the British Museum there is a standard of mail of which the rings of the top edge are exceedingly close and stiff, [
] "
      • 2016, Ivor Noel Hume, Audrey Noel Hume, The Archaeology of Martin's Hundred: Part 1, Interpretive Studies; Part 2, Artifact Catalog, University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 151:
        Mail was also used to provide skirts substituting for tassets, for collars called "standards" substituting for gorgets, as well as for coats (long) and shirts (short). Consequently finding a few links gives little or no clue to their source. The few from the Fort, however, include copper-alloy (brass?) links, ...
    9. Ellipsis of standard poodle.
      • 1968, Jeff Griffen, The Poodle Book, page 36:
        Since standards are large dogs, they grow much more rapidly than miniatures and toys, which means that they require more supplements.
    10. A measure for timber. [3]
      • 1955 April, “Wind-Blown Timber for B.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 271:
        To clear the fallen timber quickly, arrangements were made between British Railways and the Home Timber Merchant's Association of Scotland for the purchase of timber in the form of sleepers, crossing timbers, and wagon timbers. These arrangements have now terminated, and since the storm a total of 19,000 standards of timber have been purchased by British Railways at a cost of ÂŁ1,250,000.

    Hyponyms

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    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Descendants
    • → Catalan: estĂ ndard
    • → Danish: standard
    • → French: standard (see there for further descendants)
    • → Italian: standard
    • → Polish: standard
    • → Portuguese: standard
    • → Spanish: estĂĄndar
    • → Turkish: standart

    Translations

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    Interjection

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    standard

    1. (UK, slang) An expression of agreement.

    References

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    1. ^ William John Watson (1926), Celtic Place-Names of Scotland, Edinburgh: Birlinn, →ISBN, page 212
    2. ^ Jack Croft Richards; Richard W. Schmidt (2010), Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, Pearson Education Limited, →ISBN, page 554
    3. ^ Standard (timber unit) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

    Anagrams

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    Czech

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    standard m inan

    1. standard

    Declension

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    Declension of standard (hard masculine inanimate)
    singular plural
    nominative standard standardy
    genitive standardu standardĆŻ
    dative standardu standardĆŻm
    accusative standard standardy
    vocative standarde standardy
    locative standardu standardech
    instrumental standardem standardy
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    See also

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    Further reading

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    Danish

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    Etymology

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    From English standard.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    standard c (singular definite standarden, plural indefinite standarder)

    1. standard

    Inflection

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    Declension of standard
    common
    gender     		singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative standard standarden standarder standarderne
    genitive standards standardens standarders standardernes

    French

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    Etymology

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      Borrowed from English standard. Nominal use since the 17th century, adjectival since the 19th. Doublet of Ă©tendard.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      standard m (plural standards)

      1. standard
      2. switchboard

      Adjective

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      standard (plural standard or standards)

      1. standard
        Synonym: normal

      Usage notes

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      • Dictionaries vary as to whether the adjective should be inflected for number or be treated as entirely invariable.[1] Both usages are commonly seen. Inflection for gender, as in standarde, standardes, is nonstandard and extremely rare.

      Descendants

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      References

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      1. ^ “standard”, in TrĂ©sor de la langue française informatisĂ© [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

      Further reading

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      Italian

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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        Borrowed from English.

        Pronunciation

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        Adjective

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        standard (invariable)

        1. standard

        Noun

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        standard m (invariable)

        1. standard
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        References

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        1. ^ “standard” in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

        Middle English

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        Alternative forms

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        Etymology

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          Borrowed from Old French estandart, probably from Frankish *standahard (“stable, fixed”, adjective, literally “standing firm”), from Frankish *standan (“to stand”) + *hard(ī) (“hard, firm”).

          Pronunciation

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          Noun

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          standard (plural standards)

          1. A standard; a flag identifying a military unit.
            Coordinate terms: banere, penoun
            Near-synonym: ensigne (Late Middle English, rare)
          2. A standardbearer; a person carrying such a flag.
          3. Any upright or supporting object:
            1. (especially construction) A vertical pole or support.
            2. A tower (such as a water tower or siege engine)
            3. A large candlestick or its holder.
            4. A tall upright container (such as a chest or vessel)
            5. (rare) A stick or skewer (in coining or cooking)
            6. (forestry, rare) An uncut tree.
          4. A reference for or exemplar of a standard measure.
          5. (by extension, rare) A standard or exemplar.
          6. (cooking, rare) The primary dish in a course.
          7. (armour, rare) A gorget; an armoured neckpiece.

          Descendants

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          References

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          Norwegian BokmÄl

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          Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia no

          Etymology

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          From Old French estandart, via English standard.

          Adjective

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          standard (singular and plural standard, comparative mer standard, superlative mest standard)

          1. standard

          Noun

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          standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standarder, definite plural standardene)

          1. a standard

          Derived terms

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          References

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          Norwegian Nynorsk

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          Etymology

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          From Old French estandart, via English standard.

          Adjective

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          standard (singular and plural standard, comparative meir standard, superlative mest standard)

          1. standard

          Noun

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          standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standardar, definite plural standardane)

          1. a standard

          Derived terms

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          References

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          Polish

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          Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia pl

          Etymology

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          Etymology tree
          Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-der.
          Proto-Germanic *standaną
          Frankish *standan
          Proto-Indo-European *kret-der.?
          Proto-Germanic *harduz
          Proto-Indo-European *-yos
          Proto-Indo-European *-is
          Proto-Indo-European *-yĂłs
          Proto-Germanic *-jaz
          Proto-West Germanic *-Ä«
          Frankish *hard(Ä«)
          Frankish *standahardbor.?
          Old French estendre?
          Old French estandartbor.
          Middle English standard
          English standardbor.
          Polish standard

            Borrowed from English standard. Doublet of sztandar.

            Pronunciation

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            • IPA(key): /ˈstan.dart/
            • Audio:(file)
            • Rhymes: -andart
            • Syllabification: stan‧dard

            Noun

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            standard m inan

            1. standard

            Declension

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            Declension of standard
            singular plural
            nominative standard standardy
            genitive standardu standardĂłw
            dative standardowi standardom
            accusative standard standardy
            instrumental standardem standardami
            locative standardzie standardach
            vocative standardzie standardy

            Derived terms

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            adjective
            noun

            Further reading

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            • “standard”, in Wielki sƂownik języka polskiego‎[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
            • “standard”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[5] (in Polish)

            Portuguese

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            Alternative forms

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            Etymology

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            Etymology tree
            Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-der.
            Proto-Germanic *standaną
            Frankish *standan
            Proto-Indo-European *kret-der.?
            Proto-Germanic *harduz
            Proto-Indo-European *-yos
            Proto-Indo-European *-is
            Proto-Indo-European *-yĂłs
            Proto-Germanic *-jaz
            Proto-West Germanic *-Ä«
            Frankish *hard(Ä«)
            Frankish *standahardbor.?
            Old French estendre?
            Old French estandartbor.
            Middle English standard
            English standardubor.
            Portuguese standard

              Unadapted borrowing from English standard, from Middle English standard, borrowed from Old French estandart. Doublet of estandarte.

              Pronunciation

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              • (Brazil) IPA(key): /isˈtɐ̃.dɐʁ/ [isˈtɐ̃.dɐh], /isˈtɐ̃.daʁ.dÍĄÊ’i/ [isˈtɐ̃.daÉŠ.dÍĄÊ’i]
                • (SĂŁo Paulo) IPA(key): /isˈtɐ̃.dɐɟ/, /isˈtɐ̃.daÉŸ.dÍĄÊ’i/
                • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /iʃˈtɐ̃.dɐʁ/ [iʃˈtɐ̃.dɐχ], /iʃˈtɐ̃.daʁ.dÍĄÊ’i/
                • (Caipira) IPA(key): /isˈtɐ̃.dɐɻ/, /isˈtɐ̃.daÉ».dÍĄÊ’i/
               
              • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈstɐ̃.dɐɟd/ [ˈstɐ̃.dÉÉŸĂ°]
                • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈstɐ̃.dɐɟd/

              Noun

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              standard m (plural standards)

              1. standard
                Synonym: padrĂŁo

              Adjective

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              standard m or f (plural standards)

              1. standard
                Synonym: padrĂŁo

              Further reading

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              Romanian

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              Etymology

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              Etymology tree
              Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-der.
              Proto-Germanic *standaną
              Frankish *standan
              Proto-Indo-European *kret-der.?
              Proto-Germanic *harduz
              Proto-Indo-European *-yos
              Proto-Indo-European *-is
              Proto-Indo-European *-yĂłs
              Proto-Germanic *-jaz
              Proto-West Germanic *-Ä«
              Frankish *hard(Ä«)
              Frankish *standahardbor.?
              Old French estendre?
              Old French estandartbor.
              Middle English standard
              English standardbor.
              French standardbor.
              Romanian standard

                Borrowed from French standard.

                Noun

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                standard n (plural standarde)

                1. standard

                Declension

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                singular plural
                indefinite definite indefinite definite
                nominative-accusative standard standardul standarde standardele
                genitive-dative standard standardului standarde standardelor
                vocative standardule standardelor

                Serbo-Croatian

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                Pronunciation

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                • IPA(key): /stǎndard/
                • Hyphenation: stan‧dard

                Noun

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                stĂ ndard m inan (Cyrillic spelling ŃŃ‚Đ°Ì€ĐœĐŽĐ°Ń€ĐŽ)

                1. standard

                Declension

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                Declension of standard
                singular plural
                nominative standard standardi
                genitive standarda standarda
                dative standardu standardima
                accusative standard standarde
                vocative standarde standardi
                locative standardu standardima
                instrumental standardom standardima

                Further reading

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                • “standard”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

                Swedish

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                Noun

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                standard c

                1. a standard, a norm

                Declension

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                Declension of standard
                nominative genitive
                singular indefinite standard standards
                definite standarden standardens
                plural indefinite standarder standarders
                definite standarderna standardernas
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                See also

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                Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=standard&oldid=95424466"