mos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mos"

Languages (29)

Translingual • English

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Afrikaans • Albanian • Aragonese • Ashkun • Asturian • Bouyei • Catalan • Central Bikol • Cornish • Danish • Dutch • Franco-Provençal • Hungarian • Kalasha • Lakurumau • Latin • Middle English • Old English • Old High German • Old Irish • Old Occitan • Penobscot • Portuguese • Potawatomi • Romanian • Swedish • White Hmong

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

mos

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Mooré.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Moore terms

English

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

mos (plural mores)

1. (rare) singular of mores (“moral norms or customs”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

mos

1. plural of mo (“month; molester”)

Anagrams

• OMS, OMs, SMO, SOM, Som., oms, osm, som, som'

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mos/

Etymology 1

From Dutch mos, from Proto-Germanic *musą.

Noun

mos (plural mosse)

1. moss

Etymology 2

From Dutch most, from Latin mustum.

Noun

mos (uncountable)

1. must (unfermented or partially fermented grape juice)

Etymology 3

Adverb

mos

1. as you already know (see usage notes)

Usage notes

When used as an adverb, mos is used when what is being said is already known (or was known, but perhaps now forgotten) by the listener. For example, if Person A asks Person B, "gaan jy vandag inkopies doen?" (are you going to go shopping today?) and Person B replies, "ja, ek doen mos elke Maandag inkopies" (yes, I go shopping every Monday), then this implies that Person A should already know (or did know at some point, and perhaps forgot) that Person B goes shopping every Monday. If the fact that Person B goes shopping on Mondays was new to Person A, then Person B would reply without using "mos". It is thus also used when making a statement that, while possibly obvious to the listener, is intended to provide context for a following statement.

Albanian

Etymology

Union of particles mo (“un-”) and së (“un-”).

Adverb

mos

1. don't

Derived terms

• mosardhje
• mosarritje
• mosbarazim
• mosbesim
• mosbesues
• mosbërje
• mosbindës
• mosbindje
• mosbluarje
• moscënim
• moscilësi
• moscilësues
• mosçmim
• mosdashje
• mosdashuri
• mosdëgjim
• mosdije
• mosdukje
• mosdurim
• mosdhimbje
• mosfitim
• mosfjetje
• mosgoditje
• mosgjë
• mosinteresim
• mosje
• moskalim
• moskamje
• moskënaqësi
• moskokëçarës
• moskokëçarje
• moskonsekuencë
• moskryerje
• moskthim
• moskufizim
• moskujdesje
• moskujdesur
• moskund
• moskundërshtim
• moskuptim
• moskurrë
• moskush
• moslejim
• mosluftues
• mosmarrëveshje
• mosmbarëvajtje
• mosmerë
• mosmeritim
• mosmëharro
• mosmëprek
• mosmësyrje
• mosmiratim
• mosmirëmbajtje
• mosmirënjohës
• mosmirënjohje
• mosmjaftim
• mosmundje
• mosndërhyrje
• mosndodhje
• mosnënshtrim
• mosngjajtje
• mosni
• mosnjeri
• mosnjëherë
• mosnjohje
• mosnjohuri
• mospagesë
• mospagim
• mospajtim
• mosparaqitje
• mospasje
• mospëlqim
• mospërdorim
• mospërfillës
• mospërfillje
• mospërgatitje
• mospërgjegje
• mospërkim
• mospërkujdesje
• mospërmbushje
• mospërparim
• mospërputhje
• mospërshtatje
• mospërzierje
• mospikasje
• mosplotësim
• mospranim
• mosprek
• mosprishje
• mosprovim
• mospunim
• mosputhitje
• mosqenie
• mosqëndresë
• mosrealizim
• mosrespektim
• mossigurim
• mossukses
• mossulmim
• mosshpëtuarshëm
• mostjetër
• mostretje
• mosujdisje
• mosveprim
• mosveprues
• mosvërejtje
• mosviolencë
• moszbatim
• moszgjidhje
• moszhvillim

Related terms

• mo

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin nos, with the initial consonant influenced by the first-person singular object pronoun me (“me”).

Pronoun

mos

1. Benasquese and Low Ribagorçan form of nos (“us”, first-person plural dative and accusative pronoun)

References

• “nos”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Ashkun

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Nuristani *mā̃sá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *māmsám.

1. meat

Noun

mos

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Asturian

Pronoun

mos

1. alternative form of nos

Bouyei

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *ʰmɤːlᴮ (“new”). Cognate with Thai ใหม่ (mài), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩲ᩵, Lao ໃໝ່ (mai), Lü ᦺᦖᧈ (ṁay¹), Tai Dam ꪻꪢ꪿, Shan မႂ်ႇ (màue), Tai Nüa ᥛᥬᥱ (mǎue), Ahom 𑜉𑜧 (maw) or 𑜉𑜨𑜧 (mow), Zhuang moq.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mo˧˥/

Adjective

mos

1. new

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin morsus (“a bite”), from mordeō (“bite”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈmo̞s]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈmɔs]

Noun

mos m (plural mossos)

1. bite, mouthful

   Synonyms: mossegada, mossada

2. bit (metal placed in a horse's mouth)

   Synonym: fre

Derived terms

• mossa
• mossada
• mosset

Related terms

• mossegar

Etymology 2

From nos, assimilated to the -m ending in reflexive constructions.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /mus/ (always unstressed)
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /mos/ (always unstressed)

Pronoun

mos (enclitic, contracted 'ns, proclitic ens)

1. (dialectal, direct or indirect object) us

   Synonym: ens (standard)

   Mos visiten. ― They visit us.

Etymology 3

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *mōs, reduced form of Latin meōs.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /mus/ (always unstressed)
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /mos/ (always unstressed)

Determiner

mos

1. masculine plural of mon

Alternative forms

• mons (dialectal)

Further reading

• “mos”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Central Bikol

Etymology

Clipping of bamos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmos/ [ˈmos]

Verb

mós (Basahan spelling ᜋᜓᜐ᜔)

1. (Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon) to go

   Synonym: madya

   Mos! (Mos na kita!)

   Let's go now!

Related terms

• mos na

Cornish

Etymology 1

Suppletive verb:

• Verbal noun from Proto-Brythonic *moned, from Proto-Celtic *monītor, from Proto-Indo-European *menH-. Cognate with Breton mont and Welsh mynd.
• Present indicative forms are from Proto-Brythonic *ėɣɨd, from Proto-Celtic *ageti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-.
• Subjunctive forms (yl-/el-) are from Proto-Celtic *ɸalnati, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-.
• The imperative form ke is unexplained but can be compared to Welsh cer.

Verb

mos (irregular)

1. to go
2. to become

Conjugation

Conjugation of mos (irregular)

		singular			plural			impersonal
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present/future	av	edh	a	en	ewgh	ons	er
	preterite	yth	ythys	eth	ethen	ethewgh	ethons	es
	perfect	galsov	galsos	gallas	galson	galsowgh	galsons	-
	imperfect	en	es	e	en	ewgh	ens	es / os
	pluperfect	gylsen	gylses	galsa	gylsen	gylsewgh	gylsens	-
subjunctive	present/future	ylliv	ylli	ello	yllyn	yllowgh	ellons	eller
	imperfect	ellen	elles	ella	ellen	ellewgh	ellens	elles
imperative		-	ke / a	es	deun	kewgh / ewgh	ens	-
non-finite forms		present participle		ow mos, ow mones	verbal adjective		gyllys

Derived terms

• mos a-berth yn kendon (“run into debt”)
• mos a-bervedh (“enter”)
• mos a-dro (“get about”)
• mos dhe arvow (“take up arms”)
• mos dhe goll (“be lost, go missing”)
• mos dhe-ves (“go away”)
• mos dres (“exceed”)
• mos er a bynn (“address”)
• mos gans (“escort”)
• mos ha bos (“become”)
• mos mes a wel (“vanish”)
• mos re bell (“exaggerate, go too far”)
• mos war benn dewlin (“kneel”)
• mos war-barth gans (“escort”)
• mos war-barth ha (“accompany someone”)
• mos yn fordh (“be on one's way”)
• mos yn kost (“go to the expense”)
• mos yn sowdhan (“go astray”)
• mos yn stag (“get stuck”)
• mos yn tonnek (“flock together”)
• mos yn-mes (“exit, go out”)
• mos yn-mes gans (“date”)
• mos yn-rag (“go forward, proceed”)
• tokyn-mos ha dos (“return ticket”)

Etymology 2

Noun

mos f (plural mosi)

1. (Revived Late Cornish) alternative form of mowes (“girl”)

Mutation

Mutation of mos

radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
mos	vos	unchanged	unchanged	fos, vos*

* after 'th
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Danish

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German mos, from Proto-Germanic *mōsą (“mush, porridge”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moːs/, [moːˀs]

Noun

mos c (singular definite mosen, not used in plural form)

1. mash, puree

Declension

Declension of mos

common gender	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	mos	mosen
genitive	moss	mosens

Derived terms

• mose (verb)
• frugtmos
• kartoffelmos
• æblemos

Etymology 2

From Old Norse mosi, mose, from Proto-Germanic *musą, from Proto-Indo-European *mus-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɔs/, [mɔs]

Noun

mos n (singular definite mosset, plural indefinite mosser)

1. moss

Inflection

Declension of mos

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	mos	mosset	mosser	mosserne
genitive	mos'	mossets	mossers	mossernes

Derived terms

• mosbegroet
• mosfjerner
• mosgroet
• mospude
• pudemos
• tørvemos

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moːs/, [moːˀs]

Verb

mos

1. imperative of mose

See also

• mose

References

• “mos” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “mos” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch mos, from Old Dutch *mos, from Proto-West Germanic *mos, from Proto-Germanic *musą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: mos
• Rhymes: -ɔs

Noun

mos n (plural mossen, diminutive mosje n)

1. moss (small seedless plant(s) growing on surfaces)

   Hypernym: plant

2. lichen (symbiotic association(s) of algae and fungi)

   Synonym: korstmos

3. (obsolete, rare) swamp, marsh

Derived terms

• bekermos
• bladmos
• haarmos
• korstmos
• kussentjesmos
• mosbloempje
• parapluutjesmos
• rendiermos
• schaduwmos
• Spaans mos
• sterrenmos
• veenmos

Descendants

• Afrikaans: mos

Anagrams

• som

Franco-Provençal

Determiner

mos

1. masculine plural of mon

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *mośke-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmoʃ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -oʃ

Verb

mos

1. (transitive) to wash something (to clean with water, including brushing one’s teeth)

   Perfectives: megmos, kimos, lemos

   Troponyms: csutakol, öblít, sikál, súrol, suvickol

   Hypernym: tisztít

   kezet, arcot mos ― to wash one’s hands, face

   fogat mos ― to brush one’s teeth

Conjugation

Conjugation of mos

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	mosok	mosol	mos	mosunk	mostok	mosnak
			def.	mosom	mosod	mossa	mossuk	mossátok	mossák
			2nd obj	moslak
		past	indef.	mostam	mostál	mosott	mostunk	mostatok	mostak
			def.	mostam	mostad	mosta	mostuk	mostátok	mosták
			2nd obj	mostalak
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. mosni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	mosék	mosál	mosa	mosánk	mosátok	mosának
		def.	mosám	mosád	mosá	mosánk	mosátok	mosák
		2nd obj	mosálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. mos vala, mosott vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	mosandok	mosandasz	mosand	mosandunk	mosandotok	mosandanak
	def.	mosandom	mosandod	mosandja	mosandjuk	mosandjátok	mosandják
	2nd obj	mosandalak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	mosnék	mosnál	mosna	mosnánk	mosnátok	mosnának
		def.	mosnám	mosnád	mosná	mosnánk (or mosnók)	mosnátok	mosnák
		2nd obj	mosnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. mosott volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	mossak	moss or mossál	mosson	mossunk	mossatok	mossanak
			def.	mossam	mosd or mossad	mossa	mossuk	mossátok	mossák
			2nd obj	mossalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. mosott légyen
infinitive	mosni		mosnom	mosnod	mosnia	mosnunk	mosnotok	mosniuk
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
	mosás		mosó	mosott	mosandó	mosva (mosván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

Potential conjugation of mos

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	moshatok	moshatsz	moshat	moshatunk	moshattok	moshatnak
			def.	moshatom	moshatod	moshatja	moshatjuk	moshatjátok	moshatják
			2nd obj	moshatlak
		past	indef.	moshattam	moshattál	moshatott	moshattunk	moshattatok	moshattak
			def.	moshattam	moshattad	moshatta	moshattuk	moshattátok	moshatták
			2nd obj	moshattalak
archaic preterite		indef.	moshaték	moshatál	moshata	moshatánk	moshatátok	moshatának
		def.	moshatám	moshatád	moshatá	moshatánk	moshatátok	moshaták
		2nd obj	moshatálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. moshat vala, moshatott vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	moshatandok or mosandhatok	moshatandasz or mosandhatsz	moshatand or mosandhat	moshatandunk or mosandhatunk	moshatandotok or mosandhattok	moshatandanak or mosandhatnak
	def.	moshatandom or mosandhatom	moshatandod or mosandhatod	moshatandja or mosandhatja	moshatandjuk or mosandhatjuk	moshatandjátok or mosandhatjátok	moshatandják or mosandhatják
	2nd obj	moshatandalak or mosandhatlak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	moshatnék	moshatnál	moshatna	moshatnánk	moshatnátok	moshatnának
		def.	moshatnám	moshatnád	moshatná	moshatnánk (or moshatnók)	moshatnátok	moshatnák
		2nd obj	moshatnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. moshatott volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	moshassak	moshass or moshassál	moshasson	moshassunk	moshassatok	moshassanak
			def.	moshassam	moshasd or moshassad	moshassa	moshassuk	moshassátok	moshassák
			2nd obj	moshassalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. moshatott légyen
infinitive	(moshatni)		(moshatnom)	(moshatnod)	(moshatnia)	(moshatnunk)	(moshatnotok)	(moshatniuk)
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
	mosható			moshatatlan		(moshatva / moshatván)

Derived terms

• mosakodik, mosakszik
• mosat
• mosatlan
• mosás
• mosdik → mosdat, mosdó
• moshatatlan
• mosható
• moslék
• mosoda
• mosogat
• mosó

With verbal prefixes

• átmos
• bemos
• elmos
• felmos
• kimos
• lemos
• megmos
• összemos

Expressions

• fogat mos
• mossa kezeit

Further reading

• mos in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Anagrams

• som

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa), Proto-Indo-Iranian *māmsám, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms.

Noun

mos

1. meat

Lakurumau

Noun

mos

1. thing

References

• Lidia Mazzitelli, Documentation of Lakurumau: Making the case for one more language in Papua New Guinea (2020)

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *mōs, a root noun interpreted as an s-stem noun, of uncertain origin. Generally believed to derive from Proto-Indo-European *moh₁-, *meh₁- (“to intend or be intent upon, to be of strong will”) (though the more common meaning of “to measure” may be the original, with “to intend” as a semantic extension), whence Ancient Greek μαίομαι (maíomai, “to strive”) and perhaps Ancient Greek Μοῦσᾰ (Moûsă, “Muse”), and also English mood.

It has also been conjectured that some senses of mōs, such as those having to do with “manner” and “way”, may indicate a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”), compare and contrast modus; if that is true, it would seem to suggest an example of combined etymology or conflation. If two such roots *med- and *meh₁- existed, both meaning “to measure”, it is plausible that the latter was derived from the former via early PIE glottalic *d ~ *h₁ alternation, seen for example in the pair *dwi- : *h₁wi- (“in two; apart”) and possibly in other roots such as *wed- : *weh₁- (“to wet; water”); *h₂ed- : *h₂eh₁- (“to dry (by fire)”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈmoːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈmɔs]

Noun

mōs m (genitive mōris); third declension

1. way or manner (of behaving); behavior; conduct

   Synonym: modus

   • 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos:

     Quid istuc, quaeso? qui istic mos est, Clitipho? itane fieri oportet?

     Tell me, what are you up to? What sort of behavior’s this, Clitipho? Is this the proper way to act?

   • 27 BCE – 9 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita Libri 28:

     Ceterum asperitas locorum et Celtiberis, quibus in proelio concursare mos est, velocitatem inutilem faciebat...

     But the roughness of the ground made nimbleness of no use to the Celtiberians, whose manner it is to be skirmishers in battle...

   • 60 CE – 65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium Epistula LXXXVI:

     Magna ergo me voluptas subiit contemplantem mores Scipionis ac nostros.

     It was therefore a great pleasure to me to contrast Scipio’s ways with our own.

2. custom; habit; practice; usage; wont

   Synonyms: habitus, usus, solitum, exemplum

   See O tempora, o mores! on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

   • 160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe:

     Vah! quam vellem etiam noctu amicis operam mos esset dari!

     Oh! How I wish it was the custom to offer services to friends at night as well!

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 2.3:

     Interfectum esse L. Catilinam et gravissimo supplicio adfectum iam pridem oportebat, idque a me et mos maiorum et huius imperi severitas et res publica postulabat.

     Lucius Catilina ought to have suffered the supreme penalty and been put to death long ago, a course required of me by the practice of our ancestors, the stern tradition of my office, and by interests of state.

   • 41 BCE – 40 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, De Bello Iugurthino:

     Ceterum mos partium popularium et factionum ac deinde omnium malarum artium paucis ante annis Romae ortus est otio atque abundantia earum rerum quae prima mortales ducunt.

     Furthermore, the usage of political groups and factions, and afterward of all evil practices, originated at Rome a few years before this as the result of peacetime and of an abundance of those things that mortals prize most highly.

   • 40 BCE – 35 BCE, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, Historiae Liber IV:

     ...qui quidem mos ut tabes in urbem coiectus...

     ...which habit, in truth, foisted upon the City, like a plague...

   • 13 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Carmina, Liber IV:

     ...nullis polluitur casta domus stupris, mos et lex maculosum edomuit nefas...

     ...the home is pure, unstained by any lewdness, custom and law have gained control over the plague of vice...

   • 60 CE – 65 CE, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium Epistula XV:

     Mos antiquis fuit usque ad meam servatus aetatem.

     The old Romans had a custom which survived even into my lifetime.

   • 121 CE, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De vita Caesarum Liber VI: Nero:

     Reversus e Graecia Neapolim, quod in ea primum artem protulerat, albis equis introiit disiecta parte muri, ut mos hieronicarum est...

     Returning from Greece, since it was at Naples that he had made his first appearance, he entered that city with white horses through a part of the wall which had been thrown down, as is the custom with victors in the sacred games...

   • 121 CE, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De vita Caesarum Liber VII: Galba:

     ...ut triumphaturi Caesares inde laureas decerperent; fuitque mos triumphantibus, alias confestim eodem loco pangere; et observatum est sub cuiusque obitum arborem ab ipso institutam elanguisse.

     ...moreover it was the habit of those who triumphed to plant other branches at once in that same place, and it was observed that just before the death of each of them the tree which he had planted withered.

3. (chiefly in the plural) character; disposition; inclination; temperament

   Synonyms: animus, dispositiō, inclīnātiō, temperamentum

   • 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos:

     Edepol te, mea Antiphila, laudo et fortunatam iudico, id quom studuisti isti formae ut mores consimiles forent...

     In heaven’s name, my dear Antiphila, I congratulate you and I judge you fortunate, in that you have made it your concern to see that your temperament matches your beauty...

   • 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos:

     Vobis cum uno semel ubi aetatem agere decretumst viro, quoius mos maxume consimilis vostrum, hi se ad vos applicant.

     With you, on the other hand, once you have decided to live your life with the one man whose disposition is most compatible with yours, they devote themselves to you.

   • 62 BCE – 43 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares 13.17.3:

     Spondebo enim tibi, vel potius spondeo in meque recipio, eos esse M'. Curii mores eamque quum probitatem, tum etiam humanitatem, ut eum et amicitia tua et tam accurata commendatione, si tibi sit cognitus, dignum sis existimaturus.

     I shall pledge my word to you, or rather give you my promise and solemn undertaking, that such is M'. Curius's character, such his integrity and his kindliness combined, that if you make his acquaintance, you will assuredly deem him worthy of both your friendship and of so elaborate a recommendation.

   • 116 CE, Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales:

     Multa sine dubio saevaque Augustus de moribus adulescentis questus, ut exilium eius senatus consulto sanciretur, perfecerat; ceterum in nullius umquam suorum necem duravit, neque mortem nepoti pro securitate privigni inlatam credibile erat. Propius vero Tiberium ac Liviam, illum metu, hanc novercalibus odiis, suspecti et invisi iuvenis caedem festinavisse. Nuntianti centurioni, ut mos militiae, factum esse quod imperasset, neque imperasse sese et rationem facti reddendam apud senatum respondit.

     It was beyond question that by his frequent and bitter strictures on the youth’s character Augustus had procured the senatorial decree for his exile: on the other hand, at no time did he harden his heart to the killing of a relative, and it remained incredible that he should have sacrificed the life of a grandchild in order to diminish the anxieties of a stepson. More probably, Tiberius and Livia, actuated in the one case by fear, and in the other by stepmotherly dislike, hurriedly procured the murder of a youth whom they suspected and detested. To the centurion who brought the usual military report, that his instructions had been carried out, the emperor rejoined that he had given no instructions and the deed would have to be accounted for in the senate.

4. will; self-will; humor; caprice

   Synonyms: arbitrium, voluntas

   • 190 BCE, Titus Maccius Plautus, Truculentus:

     Tu dedisti iam, hic daturust: istuc habeo, hoc expeto. Uerum utrique mos geratur amborum ex sententia.

     You have already given, he will still give: yours I have, his I’m seeking. But each of you will be gratified according to your wishes.

   • 191 BCE, Titus Maccius Plautus, Pseudolus:

     Mos tibi geretur. Sed quid hoc, quaeso?

     I will obey you. But what’s this, please?

5. (transferred sense) quality; nature; mode; fashion
   • 35 BCE – 34 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Satira IX:

     Ibam forte Via Sacra, sicut meus est mos nescio quid meditans nugarum, totus in illis...

     I was strolling by chance along the Sacred Way, a musing after my fashion (literally, as is my custom) on some trifle or other, and wholly intent thereon...

6. (transferred sense) precept; law; rule
7. (plural only) morals; principles
   • 63 BCE, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Oratio in Catilinam Prima:

     O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?

     Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives?

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	mōs	mōrēs
genitive	mōris	mōrum
dative	mōrī	mōribus
accusative	mōrem	mōrēs
ablative	mōre	mōribus
vocative	mōs	mōrēs

Derived terms

• mōrālis
• mōrātus
• mōrem gerō
• mōrigerus
• mōrōsus
• mōs maiōrum
• mōs prō lēge
• mōs Teutonicus

Descendants

• Italian: more
• Dutch: mores
• English: meo more, mores
• French: mœurs
• Romanian: moare

Further reading

• “mos”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “mos”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "mos", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “mōs”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • according to the present custom, fashion: his moribus
    
  • to comply with a person's wishes; to humour: alicui morem gerere, obsequi
    
  • to accomodate oneself to another's wishes: alicuius voluntati morem gerere
    
  • to improve a person: mores alicuius corrigere
    
  • moral science; ethics: philosophia, quae est de vita et moribus (Acad. 1. 5. 19)
    
  • moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
    
  • moral precepts: praecepta de moribus or de virtute
    
  • moral corruption (not corruptela morum): mores corrupti or perditi
    
  • amongst such moral depravity: tam perditis or corruptis moribus
    
  • immorality is daily gaining ground: mores in dies magis labuntur (also with ad, e.g. ad mollitiem)
    
  • something is contrary to my moral sense, goes against my principles: aliquid abhorret a meis moribus (opp. insitum [atque innatum] est animo or in animo alicuius)
    
  • character: natura et mores; vita moresque; indoles animi ingeniique; or simply ingenium, indoles, natura, mores
    
  • a sociable, affable disposition: facilitas, faciles mores (De Am. 3. 11)
    
  • to become customary, the fashion: in consuetudinem or morem venire
    
  • to introduce a thing into our customs; to familiarise us with a thing: in nostros mores inducere aliquid (De Or. 2. 28)
    
  • it is customary to..: mos (moris) est, ut (Brut. 21. 84)
    
  • (ambiguous) the earth brings forth fruit, crops: terra effert (more rarely fert, but not profert) fruges
    
  • (ambiguous) Vesuvius is discharging flame: Vesuvius evomit (more strongly eructat) ignes
    
  • (ambiguous) to make an impression on the senses: sensus movere (more strongly pellere)
    
  • (ambiguous) to die at a good old age: exacta aetate mori
    
  • (ambiguous) to starve oneself to death: inediā mori or vitam finire
    
  • (ambiguous) to make a person laugh: risum elicere (more strongly excutere) alicui
    
  • (ambiguous) to die a natural death: necessaria (opp. voluntaria) morte mori
    
  • (ambiguous) to court a person's favour; to ingratiate oneself with..: gratiam alicuius sibi quaerere, sequi, more strongly aucupari
    
  • (ambiguous) to refuse, reject a request: negare, more strongly denegare alicui aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) to form a plan, make a resolution: consilium capere, inire (de aliqua re, with Gen. gerund., with Inf., more rarely ut)
    
  • (ambiguous) a lifelike picture of everyday life: morum ac vitae imitatio
    
  • (ambiguous) to inspire fear, terror: timorem, terrorem alicui inicere, more strongly incutere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be cast down, discouraged, in despair: animo esse humili, demisso (more strongly animo esse fracto, perculso et abiecto) (Att. 3. 2)
    
  • (ambiguous) to disconcert a person: animum alicuius de statu, de gradu demovere (more strongly depellere, deturbare)
    
  • (ambiguous) to long for a thing, yearn for it: desiderio alicuius rei teneri, affici (more strongly flagrare, incensum esse)
    
  • (ambiguous) to make sport of, rally a person: illudere alicui or in aliquem (more rarely aliquem)
    
  • (ambiguous) to give moral advice, rules of conduct: morum praecepta tradere alicui
    
  • (ambiguous) a stern critic of morals: severus morum castigator
    
  • (ambiguous) it is traditional usage: more, usu receptum est
    
  • (ambiguous) according to the custom and tradition of my fathers: more institutoque maiorum (Mur. 1. 1)
    
  • (ambiguous) to die of wounds: ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33)
    
• “mos”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “mos”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
• mos maiorum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Middle English

Etymology

From Old English mos (“moss”). Related to mese, from Old English mēos.

Noun

mos

1. moss

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *mos, from Proto-Germanic *musą, whence also Old High German mos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mos/
• Rhymes: -os

Noun

mos n

1. moss

Descendants

• Middle English: mos, mosse
  • Scots: mos
  • English: moss

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *mōs, from Proto-Germanic *mōsą (“food”).

Akin to Old Saxon mōs (“food”), Old High German muos (German Mus, Gemüse (“food, vegetables”), Old English mete (“food”). More at meat.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moːs/
• Rhymes: -oːs

Noun

mōs n

1. food, nourishment, victuals

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	mōs	mōs
accusative	mōs	mōs
genitive	mōses	mōsa
dative	mōse	mōsum

Related terms

• mēsan

Descendants

• Middle English: mos, mose
  • >? English: mush (merger with mash ?)
  • >? Scots: moosh (merger with mash ?)

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *mos, from Proto-Germanic *musą, whence also Old English mos.

Noun

mos n

1. moss

Descendants

• Middle High German: mos
  • German: Moos
  • Hunsrik: Moos
  • Luxembourgish: Moos

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• mus

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs, whence also Sanskrit मक्षू (makṣū, “fast; early”), Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬱𐬎 (mošu, “soon, quickly”), Latin mox (“soon”). Doublet of moch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mos/

Adverb

mos (preverbal; followed by the dependent form of the verb)

1. soon
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 28^c9

     Fo·mentar mo rígtin-se; mos riccub-sa.

     May you take heed of my arrival; I shall arrive soon.

Related terms

• mó

Mutation

Mutation of mos

radical	lenition	nasalization
mos also mmos in h-prothesis environments	mos pronounced with /β̃-/	mos also mmos

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “mos-, mus-, mo-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, page 241; reprinted 2017

Old Occitan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mos/

Adjective

mos

1. my
   • c. 1160, Bernart de Ventadorn, canso:

     Que mos chantars no·m val gaire / Ni mas voutas ni mei so [...].

     For my song little avails me, nor my verses, nor my airs.

See also

Old Occitan possessive adjectives

			singular		plural
			nominative	oblique	nominative	oblique
singular	1st	m	mos	mo, mon	mei	mos
		f	ma	ma	mas	mas
	2nd	m	tos	to, ton	tei	tos
		f	ta	ta	tas	tas
	3rd	m	sos	so, son	sei	sos
		f	sa	sa	sas	sas
plural	1st	m	nostre, nostres	nostre	nostre	nostre
		f	nostra	nostra	nostras	nostras
	2nd	m	vostre, vostres	vostre	vostre	vostre
		f	vostra	vostra	vostras	vostras
	3rd		lor, lur	lor, lur	lor, lur	lor, lur

Penobscot

Etymology

From Proto-Algonquian *mo·swa (“it strips”), referring to how a moose strips tree bark when feeding: compare Massachusett moos-u (“he strips, cuts smooth”).

Noun

mos

1. moose

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• m'os (pre-standardization spelling)

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (unstressed) /mus/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (unstressed) /mus/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): (unstressed) /muʃ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): (unstressed) /muʃ/

• Hyphenation: mos

Contraction

mos m pl

1. contraction of me +‎ os: masculine plural of mo

Potawatomi

Alternative forms

• mozo

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Algonquian *mo·swa. Cognates include Ojibwe and Ottawa mooz, Plains Cree, Swampy Cree, Woods Cree, and Fox môswa, Unami mus, and (from an Eastern Algonquian language) English moose.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mos/

Noun

mos anim (plural mozok or mozoyêk, locative mozok, obviative mozon or mozoyen)

1. moose (Alces americanus)

   Mos ngi-wabma shi zibik.

   I saw a moose at the river.

Inflection

Declension of mos

	singular	plural
—	mos	mozok
locative	mozok	mozogok
diminutive	mozos	mozosêk
obviative	mozon

References

• “mozo”, in Online Potawatomi Dictionary‎^[2], Citizen Potawatomi Nation, 2026
• “moz / mozo”, in Wiwkwébthëgen‎^[3], Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Government, 2026

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Mass.

Noun

mos m (uncountable)

1. a cup

Declension

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	mos	mosul
genitive-dative	mos	mosului
vocative	mosule

References

• mos in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /muːs/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse *mós, from Proto-Germanic *mōsą (“mush, porridge”).

Noun

mos n

1. mash, puree (mass of something mashed)

   en grillad med mos

   a grilled hot dog with mashed potatoes

   göra mos av någon (idiomatic)

   utterly defeat someone or the like

   (literally, “make mash out of someone”)

Declension

Declension of mos

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	mos	mos
	definite	moset	mosets
plural	indefinite	—	—
	definite	—	—

Derived terms

• mosa
• mosbricka
• mosig
• potatismos
• rotmos
• snömos
• äppelmos

See also

• puré (“puree”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

mos

1. indefinite genitive singular of mo

References

• “mos”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “mos”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

• som

White Hmong

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɒ˩/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *mənX/H (“fine (as of flour)”).

Adjective

mos

1. fine, small (of writing, embroidery, etc.)
2. young and tender
3. (of speech) soft and polite

   Lus mos lus tuaj pos. ― Soft words are thorny words.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *məuŋX (“fly (insect)”), borrowed from Middle Chinese 蠓 (MC muwng|muwngX, “midge”).

Noun

mos

1. (in compounds) fly

Derived terms

• yoov mos dab (“horse fly”)
• yoov mos ntsuab (“green bottle fly”)

Etymology 3

Probably borrowed from Chinese 摩 (mó, “to rub”).

Verb

mos

1. to rub, massage

   mos nplej ― to rub rice (off the stalk with hands or feet)

   mos qhov muag ― to rub the eyes

   mos plab ― to massage the abdomen or stomach, to rub the tummy

2. to lunge
3. to wrestle
4. to rape
5. to squash or squeeze into a pulp, as in preparing certain vegetables

References

• Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979), White Hmong — English Dictionary‎^[4], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 130.