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gum

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "gum"

Translingual

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Etymology

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Abbreviation of English Guambiano or Spanish guambiano.

Symbol

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gum

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Guambiano.

See also

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English

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Gums

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    From Middle English gom, gome, gomme, goome, gum, gume, gumme, from Old English gōma (“palate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gōmō, from Proto-Germanic *gaumô, *gōmô (“palate”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, yawn”).

    Cognates

    Cognate with Cimbrian gaumo (“palate”), German Gaum, Gaumen (“palate”), Luxembourgish Gomm, Gumm (“palate”), Yiddish גומען (gumen, “palate”), Danish gumme (“gums”), Icelandic gómur (“gum”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish gom (“palate”); also Latin hio (“to gape, yawn”), Ancient Greek χάσκω (kháskō, “to gape, yawn”), Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”), Bulgarian зе́я (zéja, “to gape”), Czech zát, zet (“to gape”), Polish ziać (“to pant”), Russian зия́ть (zijátʹ, “to gape, yawn”), Serbo-Croatian зи́јати, zíjati (“to gape, yawn”), Ukrainian зя́яти (zjájaty, “to gape”), Tocharian A koy- (“mouth”), Tocharian B koyn (“mouth”). More at yawn.

    Alternative forms

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    Noun

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    gum (plural gums)

    1. (often in the plural) The flesh around the teeth.
    Synonyms
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    Derived terms
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    Terms derived from gum (noun, etymology 1)
    Translations
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    Verb

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    gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)

    1. To chew, especially of a toothless person or animal.
    2. (transitive) To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a gummer.
    Translations
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    Etymology 2

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    Etymology tree
    Egyptian qmybor.
    Egyptian qmytbor.
    Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi)bor.
    Latin cummis
    Late Latin gumma
    Anglo-Norman gomebor.
    Middle English gumme
    English gum

      From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”). Doublet of gumma.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      gum (countable and uncountable, plural gums)

      1. (botany, biochemistry, chiefly uncountable) A viscous water-soluble carbohydrate exudate of certain plants that hardens when it becomes dry, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate.
        gum arabic
        gum-oleo-resin
      2. (chiefly uncountable) Any viscous or sticky substance resembling the true gum.
        gum benzoin
        • 1833, John Kennedy, Geordie Chalmers; or, the Law in Glenbuckie, page 205:
          […] becoomed wi' the gum o' the coal-hill […]
      3. (chiefly uncountable) Chewing gum.
      4. (countable) A single piece of chewing gum.
        Do you have a gum to spare?
        • 2005, Zadie Smith, On Beauty, Penguin Books (2006), page 388:
          Levi unwrapped a gum and put it in his mouth.
      5. (South Africa, often in the plural) A gummi candy.
      6. (US, dialect, Southern US) A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive.
      7. (US, dialect, Southern US) A vessel or bin made from a hollow log.
      8. (US, dialect) A rubber overshoe.
      10. A gum tree.
        Hyponyms: black gum, sour gum, sweet gum, sweet gum tree
      Derived terms
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      Terms derived from gum (etymology 2)
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      Descendants
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      • → Welsh: gwm
      • → Korean: 껌 (kkeom)
      Translations
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      The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
      Translations to be checked

      Verb

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      gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)

      1. (sometimes with up) To apply an adhesive or gum to; to make sticky by applying a sticky substance to.
        • 2012, Julie Hedgepeth Williams, A Rare Titanic Family: The Caldwells' Story of Survival, →ISBN, page 184:
          However, Albert said in his audiotape and in his speech that a lever designed to release the lifeboat's block and tackle was gummed up with red paint.
      2. To stiffen with glue or gum.
      3. (sometimes with together) To inelegantly attach into a sequence.
        • 1946, George Orwell, Politics and the English Language:
          It consists in gumming together long strips of words [that] have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug.
      4. (colloquial, with up) To impair the functioning of a thing or process.
        That cheap oil will gum up the engine valves.
        The new editor can gum up your article with too many commas.
      Derived terms
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      References

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      1. ^ McDavid, Raven Ioor Jr. (1953), “13. Some Social Differences in Pronunciation”, in William A. Kretzschmar, Jr., editor, Dialects in culture: essays in general dialectology‎[1], University, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press, published 1979, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 116, column 2.

      Anagrams

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      Czech

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      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      gum

      1. genitive plural of guma

      Dutch

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      Alternative forms

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      • gom (now restricted to Belgium in the meaning “eraser”).

      Etymology

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      A relatively recent variant of gom.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      gum m (plural gummen, diminutive gummetje n)

      1. an eraser

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      Hausa

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      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ɡùm/
        • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [ɡʷʊ̀m]

      Ideophone

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      gùm

      1. smelling bad

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      Icelandic

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“attention, heed”).[1]

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      gum n (genitive singular gums, no plural)

      1. boasting, exaggeration
        Synonyms: gort, raup

      Declension

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      Declension of gum (sg-only neuter)
      singular
      indefinite definite
      nominative gum gumið
      accusative gum gumið
      dative gumi guminu
      genitive gums gumsins

      Derived terms

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      • guma (“to boast, to exaggerate”)

      References

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      1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “gumen”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195

      Kamkata-viri

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Nuristani *goduma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰúHmas ~ *gantúHmas, remodeled similarly to Sanskrit गोधूम (godhū́ma).[1]

      Noun

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      gum m (Western, Northeastern, Southeastern)[2][3]

      1. wheat

      References

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      1. ^ Halfmann, Jakob (2025). The Diversification of Indo-Iranian and the Position of the Nuristani Languages. Wiesbaden: Reichert.
      2. ^ Strand, Richard F. (2016), “g′um”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎[3]
      3. ^ Halfmann, Jakob (2024). A Grammatical Description of the Katë Language (Nuristani) (PhD thesis). Köln: Universität zu Köln.

      Kusaal

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      Noun

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      gum

      1. cotton

      References

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      • Agoswin Musah (2018), A Grammar of Kusaal: A Mabia (Gur) Language of Northern Ghana, Peter Lang, →DOI, →ISBN, page 54

      Middle English

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      Noun

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      gum

      1. alternative form of gumme

      Polish

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      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      gum f pl

      1. genitive plural of guma

      Salar

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Turkic *kum. Compare to Turkish kum, etc.

      Pronunciation

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      • (Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA(key): [kum]

      Noun

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      gum (3rd person possessive gumı, plural gumlar)

      1. sand

      References

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      • Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “kum”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow: Nauka, page 395
      • Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “gum”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎[4], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 109

      Scots

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      Etymology 1

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      From English gum.

      Noun

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      gum (plural gums)

      1. gum

      Etymology 2

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      Uncertain; perhaps a specialised use of Etymology 1, above.

      Alternative forms

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      Noun

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      gum (plural gums)

      1. mist, vapour, haze

      Scottish Gaelic

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      Pronunciation

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      Conjunction

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      gum

      1. that
        Tha mi cinnteach gum biodh e toilichte. - I'm certain that he would be happy.

      Usage notes

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      • Used before b, f, m and p.

      Sumerian

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      Romanization

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      gum

      1. romanization of 𒄣 (gum)

      Turkmen

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      Other scripts
      Latin gum
      Cyrillic гум
      Arabic قوم

      Etymology

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      Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kum (“sand”). Cognates with Turkish kum.

      Noun

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      gum (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

      1. sand

      Further reading

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      • “gum” in Enedilim.com
      • “gum” in Webonary.org

      Zazaki

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      Noun

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      gum

      1. (anatomy) cheek
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