calmer

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑːmə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (US, Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑmɚ/
• Rhymes: -ɑːmə(ɹ)
• Homophones: cama, karma (non-rhotic)

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

English calm

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-os?

Proto-Indo-European *-o-

Proto-Indo-European *-so-

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-

Proto-Indo-European *-is

Proto-Indo-European *-yós

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós

Proto-Italic *-āsijos

Proto-Italic *-āsios

Latin -āriusnom.

Latin -āriusbor.

Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz

Proto-West Germanic *-ārī

Old English -ere

Middle English -ere

▲

Latin -ārius

Old French -ierbor.

Middle English -er

English -er

English calmer

From calm (verb) + -er.

Noun

calmer (plural calmers)

1. A person or thing that calms.

   Christ was the calmer of a storm on the Sea of Galilee.

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

English calm

Proto-Indo-European *-yōs

Proto-Germanic *-izô

Proto-West Germanic *-iʀō

Proto-Germanic *-ōzô

Proto-West Germanic *-ōʀō

Old English -ra

Middle English -ere

English -er

English calmer

From calm (adjective) + -er.

Adjective

calmer

1. comparative form of calm: more calm

Anagrams

• Carmel, Marcel, carmel, marcel

French

Etymology

From calme +‎ -er, or possibly from Italian calmare.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kal.me/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

Verb

calmer

1. (transitive) to calm, pacify, soothe
2. (reflexive) to calm down, abate, subside

Conjugation

Conjugation of calmer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	calmer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	calmant /kal.mɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		calmé /kal.me/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	calme /kalm/	calmes /kalm/	calme /kalm/	calmons /kal.mɔ̃/	calmez /kal.me/	calment /kalm/
	imperfect	calmais /kal.mɛ/	calmais /kal.mɛ/	calmait /kal.mɛ/	calmions /kal.mjɔ̃/	calmiez /kal.mje/	calmaient /kal.mɛ/
	past historic2	calmai /kal.me/	calmas /kal.ma/	calma /kal.ma/	calmâmes /kal.mam/	calmâtes /kal.mat/	calmèrent /kal.mɛʁ/
	future	calmerai /kal.mə.ʁe/	calmeras /kal.mə.ʁa/	calmera /kal.mə.ʁa/	calmerons /kal.mə.ʁɔ̃/	calmerez /kal.mə.ʁe/	calmeront /kal.mə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	calmerais /kal.mə.ʁɛ/	calmerais /kal.mə.ʁɛ/	calmerait /kal.mə.ʁɛ/	calmerions /kal.mə.ʁjɔ̃/	calmeriez /kal.mə.ʁje/	calmeraient /kal.mə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	calme /kalm/	calmes /kalm/	calme /kalm/	calmions /kal.mjɔ̃/	calmiez /kal.mje/	calment /kalm/
	imperfect2	calmasse /kal.mas/	calmasses /kal.mas/	calmât /kal.ma/	calmassions /kal.ma.sjɔ̃/	calmassiez /kal.ma.sje/	calmassent /kal.mas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	calme /kalm/	—	calmons /kal.mɔ̃/	calmez /kal.me/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• calmer le jeu
• calmer les esprits
• calmer ses ardeurs

Further reading

• “calmer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Anagrams

• clamer
• Marcel